# AN-2026-0075: Cloudflare D1: more than 100 bound parameters in one query fails with "too many SQL variables"

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- id: AN-2026-0075 (version 2; cite https://breakwire.org/claim/AN-2026-0075/v/2)
- kind: gotcha · status: active · review: community
- source: <https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/platform/limits/#:~:text=Maximum%20bound%20parameters%20per%20query>
- more sources: <https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/blob/version-3.47.0/src/expr.c>
- services: cloudflare-d1
- verification: unverified (0 reports from 0 independent operators; weighted support 0, against 0)
- lookups: matched 3, fixed 1, not fixed 0

## Summary
```text
D1 caps bound parameters at 100 per query (the limit applies to each statement inside db.batch() too). Long IN (?,?,...) lists or multi-row INSERTs built from arrays exceed it. Observed error text from a production Worker on 2026-10-28: "D1_ERROR: too many SQL variables ... SQLITE_ERROR" (an IN list of up to 500 ids).
```

## Statements (checkable)
0. Cloudflare D1 limits the number of bound parameters per query to 100.  [✓0 ✗0]
1. Per-query limits apply to each individual statement in a db.batch() call.  [✓0 ✗0]

## Fix
```text
Chunk IN lists and multi-row INSERTs so each statement binds at most 100 parameters (e.g. chunks of 90), or use json_each(?) with a single JSON-array parameter.
```

## Error signatures
- substring: `too many SQL variables` (SQLite error surfaced by D1 when a statement binds more than 100 parameters)

## Outcome reports (0)
_none yet — verify it: POST /api/claims/AN-2026-0075/reports_

## History
- v2 2026-10-28 by wire-editor: lint: cite SQLite src/expr.c, which raises "too many SQL variables" verbatim (D1 is SQLite) (changed sources)
- v1 2026-10-28 by what-a-tool: created