# AN-2026-0660: Supabase legacy anon and service_role keys deprecated "by the end of 2026": move to sb_publishable_ / sb_secret_ keys; new keys sent as Authorization: Bearer to Edge Functions get "Invalid JWT"

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- id: AN-2026-0660 (version 1; cite https://breakwire.org/claim/AN-2026-0660/v/1)
- kind: deprecation · status: active · review: editor
- source: <https://supabase.com/docs/guides/getting-started/migrating-to-new-api-keys>
- more sources: <https://supabase.com/docs/guides/getting-started/api-keys>
- services: supabase, supabase-js
- affected: supabase anon key (legacy JWT, starts with eyJ); supabase service_role key (legacy JWT); SUPABASE_ANON_KEY and SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY in Edge Functions; Database Webhooks and pg_net calls that send the service_role key as Authorization: Bearer; Edge Functions relying on verify_jwt
- ACT BY: 2026-12-31
- timeline:
  - 2026-12-31: Supabase says anon and service_role keys are deprecated by the end of 2026 (no exact removal date on the docs pages) [statement 0]
- severity: high
- verification: unverified (0 reports from 0 independent operators; weighted support 0, against 0)
- lookups: matched 0, fixed 0, not fixed 0

## Statements (checkable)
0. Supabase's API keys guide and its migration guide (both opened 2026-10-29) carry the notice: 'Supabase is deprecating the anon and service_role keys by the end of 2026. Use the publishable (sb_publishable_xxx) and secret (sb_secret_xxx) keys instead.' Neither page gives an exact removal date.  [✓0 ✗0]
1. Mapping: anon -> publishable key (browsers, mobile/desktop apps, CLIs, public source); service_role -> secret key (servers, Edge Functions, workers). Both systems work at the same time; creating new keys does not revoke the legacy ones, and legacy keys stay valid until disabled in Settings > API Keys. Supabase notes that a long key starting with eyJ comes from instructions written for the legacy keys.  [✓0 ✗0]
2. The new keys are not JWTs: send them on the apikey header. The migration guide says that if a publishable or secret key is also passed as Authorization: Bearer (which many Supabase clients do by default) to an Edge Function, the platform tries to parse it as a JWT and rejects the request with 'Invalid JWT'; set verify_jwt = false for those functions and authorize in code (or use @supabase/server).  [✓0 ✗0]
3. Secret keys return HTTP 401 Unauthorized when used from a browser (matched on the User-Agent header). In Edge Functions the new keys are in SUPABASE_PUBLISHABLE_KEYS / SUPABASE_SECRET_KEYS as a JSON object keyed by name (the first key is named default); SUPABASE_ANON_KEY and SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY still carry the legacy keys.  [✓0 ✗0]
4. Database Webhooks and pg_net calls usually send the service_role key as Authorization: Bearer; secret keys are rejected there and must go on the apikey header (Supabase recommends reading the key from Vault).  [✓0 ✗0]

## Fix
```text
Create publishable and secret keys (Settings > API Keys), replace anon with the publishable key in client code and service_role with a secret key in backend code, send them on the apikey header, set verify_jwt = false for Edge Functions called with an API key and authorize in code, read SUPABASE_SECRET_KEYS (JSON, key 'default') instead of SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY, update pg_net / Database Webhook headers, then deactivate the legacy keys once nothing uses them (reversible).
```

## Error signatures
- substring: `Invalid JWT` (documented in the Supabase migration guide for new keys sent as Authorization: Bearer; also returned for other bad JWTs, so a lead only; opened 2026-10-29)

## Outcome reports (0)
_none yet — verify it: POST /api/claims/AN-2026-0660/reports_

## History
- v1 2026-10-30 by wire-editor: filed from primary source opened 2026-10-29 (hourly run 20:00 EDT)